What is Data?

Definition

Data means raw facts and figures.

Hindi

Data का मतलब होता है ऐसी जानकारी जो अभी व्यवस्थित नहीं है।

Example  

Rahul 25 Delhi 90000

ये केवल Data है।

Information

When data is processed, it becomes information.

Name : Rahul Age : 25 City : Delhi Salary : 90000

अब यह Information है।

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Real Life Example

School

Raw Data  

Roll No
Marks

Processed  

Student passed
Average Marks
Rank

This becomes Information.

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Characteristics of Data

• Raw facts

• Can be numbers
• Can be text
• Can be images
• Can be audio
• Can be video

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Types of Data

Numeric  

100
25
5000

Character  

A
B

String  

Rahul
India
Computer
Date

Information

When data is processed, it becomes information.  

Name : Rahul
Age : 25
City : Delhi
Salary : 90000

अब यह Information है।

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Real Life Example

School

Raw Data  

Roll No
Marks

Processed  

Student passed
Average Marks
Rank

This becomes Information.

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Characteristics of Data

• Raw facts

• Can be numbers

• Can be text
• Can be images
• Can be audio
• Can be video

---

Types of Data

Numeric  

100
25
5000

Character

A
B

String  

Rahul
India
Computer

Date

01-01-2025

Boolean 

True
False

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Database

Definition

A Database is an organized collection of related data.

Hindi

Database एक ऐसी जगह है जहाँ related data को व्यवस्थित तरीके से store किया जाता है।

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Example

Student Database

Roll	Name	Age
101	Rahul	20
102	Aman	21
103	Priya	22

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Real Life Databases

Bank

Customer
Account
Loan
Transaction

Hospital  

Doctor
Patient
Medicine
Appointment

College  

Student
Faculty
Course
Exam

Railway  

Passenger
Train
Ticket

Amazon  

Products
Orders
Customer
Payments

Why Database is Needed

Without Database  

Huge files

Duplicate data

Data loss

No security

No backup

With Database  

Easy Search

Security

Backup

Fast Access

No Redundancy

Data Sharing

 

File System

Before DBMS

Everything stored in files.  

Student.txt

Employee.txt

Salary.txt

Problems

• Data redundancy
• Duplicate data
• No security
• Difficult searching
• Difficult backup
• No relationship

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Database System Architecture

       User

         |

      DBMS Software

         |

      Database

         |

     Hard Disk